https://doi.org/10.37229/fsa.fja.2026.03.27

The present study investigated the role of selected organic compounds in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity on growth, physiological performance, and productivity of Olea europaea L. cv. Picual in El Moghra region during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons. Treatments included compost, humic acid, salt-free extract, vermiwash, and their combinations. Results indicated that the compost + salt-free treatment significantly enhanced vegetative growth and achieving the highest shoot length. Humic acid alone produced the greatest leaf surface area, highlighting its stimulatory effect on leaf expansion. Vermiwash favored reproductive development, leading to highest number of inflorescences per shoot and longest inflorescences in addition, Fruit traits were found affected where humic treatments improved fruit weight and salt-free extract increased fruit shape index (L/W) and seed dimensions however, increased fruit moisture content under salt-free and humic treatments was associated with a relative reduction in oil percentage on a dry weight basis. Organic amendments modulated biochemical parameters, as compost and humic treatments enhanced total carbohydrate content and chlorophyll a and b concentrations, while the compost + salt-free combination promoted proline accumulation. Leaf nutrient analysis showed that compost + humic and salt-free treatments improved N, P, K, and Ca contents and optimized K/Na and (K+ Ca)/ Na ratios, reducing osmotic stress under salinity. Finally, the application of organic amendments, individually or in combination, effectively alleviated salt-induced stress, improved vegetative and reproductive performance, leading to enhanced fruit yield and quality in Picual olive trees, demonstrating their potential as sustainable biostimulant strategies in saline environments.