The widespread use of synthetic fertilizers in contemporary agriculture has undoubtedly increased crop productivity, yet has simultaneously led to a variety of agronomic, environmental, and ecosystem health challenges. The ongoing buildup of residues of agrochemicals in food crops, along with structural degradation of the soil, microbiota, and water bodies, attests to the unsustainability of conventional input-centered approaches. This article critically reviews the organic agriculture paradigm as a scientifically validated and eco-sustainable alternative. Special focus is given to the core principles dictating organic production systems, classification and agronomic potentiality of different organic fertilizer materials, and relative environmental footprint versus conventional methods. In addition, the article consolidates existing information pertaining to the development and implementation of organic farming in the Arab world, set in context relative to international trends in order to situate regional achievement and constraints. Specific attention is aimed at the contribution of organic systems to fostering agroecological balance, maximizing biodiversity, and countering anthropogenically driven causes of environmental degradation. The article further reviews shifting attitudes among consumers, highlighting the sociocultural and health-related rationales underpinning the growing demand for organically grown produce. Evidence supports the conclusion that organic agriculture promotes the production of quality food richer in nutrients and free from toxic contaminants, at the same time as advancing environmental stewardship goals. Through the promotion of soil fertility, reducing reliance on extraneous chemical inputs, and fostering ecosystem resilience, organic agriculture is presented as a viable tactic toward long-term sustainability in food production. The results set out herein urge further propagation of organic practice within national and international agriculture development strategies, marrying agronomic outputs to environmental integrity and health imperatives of the people.