Cancer is a disease that genetics and environmental factors contribute to. This paper
investigates how drinking‑water composition might influence cancer risk in Indonesia
by focusing on the tumour‑suppressor gene TP53. It combines a literature review on
cancer and heavy‑metal contamination (especially arsenic, lead, cadmium, and
chromium) linked to cancer and silico analyses of TP53 structure as TP53 is a common
cancer related gene. I think the drinking-water composition might affect the mutation rate
of TP53 leading to increased cancer risk. The paper also creates a conceptual
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing design targeting an exon of TP53. The work hypothesised
that chronic exposure to contaminated groundwater in parts of Indonesia could increase
TP53 mutation pressure and disrupt p53‑centred DNA‑damage responses. This
potentially contributes to regional differences in cancer burden. I wanted to establish a
framework by presenting protein features of TP53 and hypothetically design a gene
editing strategy to support future investigations in this concept.