https://doi.org/10.37229/fsa.fjh.2025.11.25

: Environmental factors are among the most important factors that contribute to the success of fruit crop cultivation, including citrus fruits, and their development in terms of quantity and quality. According to these factors, the possibility of growing a certain type of fruit in a certain area is determined or not. In order to establish a fruit orchard on a scientific basis, the prevailing environmental factors in the area and location must be thoroughly studied in terms of (temperature, light, relative humidity, rainfall, elevation above sea level, wind, length of the growing season, etc.), in addition to studying the site’s soil in terms of its important characteristics such as texture, fertility, moisture content, depth, groundwater level, salinity content, soil acidity, and water permeability. In light of the study of these factors, the types, varieties, and rootstocks suitable for cultivation in the location are determined. By studying these factors, we find that they have two effects, either positive and effective in the course of vital and physiological processes in fruit crops when their rates are ideal and within the requirements of the specific type or variety to be grown in the region. As a result, the growth of the fruit crop flourishes and the yield increases in quantity and quality. The negative effect is due to the rates of these factors not being within the requirements of the fruit to be grown in the region, which results in damage to it such as slow growth, delayed bud opening, falling of leaves, flowers and fruits, and a decrease in its yield. It may also be affected by many diseases and insects.