https://doi.org/10.37229/fsa.fjh.2026.05.05

Conventional propagation methods such as seed propagation and grafting are limited by genetic variability, long juvenile periods, and technical constraints, restricting large-scale mango production. This study evaluated air layering as an alternative propagation method using natural biostimulants (honey and cinnamon) compared with an untreated control during two seasons (March and September) on the ‘Jahrawy’ mango strain. Rooting percentage, number of roots, root length, and subsequent vegetative growth parameters were assessed. Results showed that honey significantly outperformed other treatments, achieving the highest rooting percentage (up to 100% in September), along with enhanced root development, stem diameter, and branching, while cinnamon showed moderate improvement. Seasonal variation was evident, with September superior to March in rooting efficiency, vegetative growth, and overall plant vigor. Notably, plantlets treated with honey exhibited early flowering within 150 days after planting, indicating a reduction in the juvenile phase. These findings demonstrate that integrating eco-friendly natural substances with air layering provides a sustainable, low-cost, and efficient approach for rapid propagation and improved performance of mango cultivars.